CULTURAL DIPLOMACY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

Cultural diplomacy has emerged as a vital tool in contemporary international relations, facilitating dialogue, projecting national identity, and fostering soft power through the exchange of ideas, values, and cultural expressions. In the 21st century, its role has expanded due to globalization, digital transformation, and increasing multipolarity. This article examined the evolution, strategic uses, and ethical challenges of cultural diplomacy. Drawing on historical foundations, contemporary case studies, and critical theory, the article explored how states and non-state actors deploy culture in diplomatic efforts, highlighting both achievements and tensions. While cultural diplomacy promotes mutual understanding and global engagement, it also risks instrumentalization, cultural imperialism, and politicization. The article argued for a more ethical, inclusive, and dialogical practice that respects diversity and empowers marginalized voices. In doing so, it offers a framework for rethinking cultural diplomacy as a cornerstone of peaceful coexistence and global citizenship in a divided world.