ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC EFFECTS OF ILLEGAL ARTISANAL PETROLEUM REFINERIES ON FARMERS IN GOKANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

The environmental degradation caused by illegal artisanal refineries has led to severe pollution of agricultural land and water sources, adversely affecting crop yields and farmers' livelihoods. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the socio-economic implications of these activities on farmers in Gokana LGA. A mixed-methods approach was employed, gathering data from 357 respondents through copies of a structured questionnaire and field observations. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that many farmers reported changes in crop yields due to artisanal refining, with some noting a decrease in quantity and others experiencing a decline in quality. Additionally, numerous respondents indicated reduced income linked to environmental pollution and increased health risks, particularly among married respondents who face heightened economic pressures. Furthermore, a significant number of respondents observed an increase in artisanal refining activities over the past five years, exacerbating these challenges. The study concludes that although some immediate physical impacts may not be evident for all crops, ongoing artisanal refining poses substantial long-term risks to agricultural sustainability and food security. The study recommends that policymakers strengthen regulatory frameworks, promote sustainable agricultural practices, engage local communities in decision-making and develop alternative livelihood opportunities. Implementing these measures is essential to enhancing farmers' well-being and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices in the Niger Delta region.