INVESTIGATING PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY DEMAND REDUCTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN GWAGWALADA, ABUJA

Abstract

Buildings are among the largest consumers of energy globally, with residential buildings in hot climates facing significant energy demands due to cooling and lighting needs. This study examined passive design strategies for energy demand reduction in residential buildings in Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja. The objectives were to identify passive design strategies employed, assess energy demand levels, and examine their influence on energy demand reduction. A quantitative survey design was adopted, with structured questionnaires administered to 150 residents, yielding 121 valid responses (80.7% response rate). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that passive design strategies are largely absent; buildings lack proper solar orientation, lack cross-ventilation, and have no reflective surfaces. Energy demand was high, reporting excessive air conditioner use and reporting frequent generator dependency. Despite this, high percentage of respondents agreed that improved passive design would significantly reduce energy demand, natural ventilation and daylighting. The study concludes that passive design strategies are critically underutilised in Gwagwalada. It recommends mainstreaming passive design through building codes, professional practice, and public education to reduce household energy consumption and promote sustainable residential development in Nigeria's hot semi-arid climate.